Sacred Words

Language of the Logos


The Christian mystical tradition has its own vocabulary — words carried across centuries of prayer, theology, and encounter with God. These terms are not merely technical; they are windows into a way of seeing.

This lexicon explores the meaning of key Greek words such as Logos, Agape, and Zoe, whose depth is often lost in translation.

λόγος — Logos

LOH-gos

The divine Word, reason, and ordering principle of all reality.

ἀγάπη — Agape

ah-GAH-pay

Self-giving divine love, beyond preference, emotion, or reciprocity.

ζωή — Zoe

ZOH-ay

The fullness of divine life, distinct from mere biological existence.

ἔρως — Eros

AIR-ohs

Desiring love that seeks union, often purified and elevated in mystical theology.

νοῦς — Nous

noos

The spiritual intellect—the faculty by which the soul perceives God.

θέωσις — Theosis

THAY-oh-sis

Participation in the divine life; union with God.

πνεῦμα — Pneuma

PNYOO-mah

Spirit, breath, or wind—the animating presence of God.

σοφία — Sophia

soh-FEE-ah

Divine wisdom, both an attribute of God and a mystical reality.

κοινωνία — Koinonia

koy-noh-NEE-ah

Communion, participation, and shared life in God.

κένωσις — Kenosis

keh-NOH-sis

Self-emptying love, especially Christ's descent in the Incarnation.

ἐπιούσιος — Epiousios

eh-pee-OO-see-os

The mysterious word translated "daily" in the Lord's Prayer—possibly meaning "supersubstantial."

ἀπόφασις — Apophasis

ah-POH-fah-sis

The way of negation—approaching God by what cannot be said.

κατάφασις — Cataphasis

kah-TAH-fah-sis

The way of affirmation—speaking of God through images and analogies.

ἀλήθεια — Aletheia

ah-LAY-thee-ah

Truth as unveiling—reality disclosed rather than merely stated.

δόξα — Doxa

DOCK-sah

Glory—the radiant manifestation of divine presence.

ἐνέργεια — Energeia

en-ER-gay-ah

Divine activity or operation—how God is present and active in creation.

οὐσία — Ousia

OO-see-ah

Essence or being—the fundamental nature of a thing.

ὑπόστασις — Hypostasis

hy-PAH-stah-sis

Person or underlying reality—used in Trinitarian theology.

ὁμοούσιος — Homoousios

hoh-moh-OO-see-os

"Of the same essence"—the term used in the Nicene Creed to affirm that the Son is fully and truly God, sharing the same divine being as the Father.

μετάνοια — Metanoia

meh-tah-NOY-ah

A transformation of mind and heart—often translated as repentance.

ἡσυχία — Hesychia

heh-SOO-kee-ah

Stillness or inner silence—the condition for contemplative prayer.

χάρις — Charis

KHAH-ris

Grace — gift freely given, favor undeserved, beauty that draws and transforms.

ἐπέκτασις — Epektasis

eh-PEK-tah-sis

Eternal progress — the soul's unending advance into the infinite depths of God, where perfection is not a destination but an ever-deepening journey.

οἰκονομία — Oikonomia

oy-koh-noh-MEE-ah

The divine economy — God's providential plan of creation, revelation, and redemption unfolding through history.

περιχώρησις — Perichoresis

peh-ree-KOH-ray-sis

Mutual indwelling — the dynamic interpenetration of the three divine Persons, each wholly in the others without confusion or separation.

φύσις — Physis

FOO-sis

Nature — the essential character of a thing, what makes it what it is. Central to the Christological definition of two natures in one Person.

πρόσωπον — Prosopon

PROH-soh-pon

Face or countenance — an early term for "person" in Trinitarian theology, emphasizing the relational, outward-facing reality of each divine Person.

σκότος — Skotos

SKOH-tos

Divine darkness — not the absence of God but the overwhelming excess of divine light, in which the soul encounters what surpasses all understanding.

συνέργεια — Synergeia

syn-ER-gay-ah

Cooperation — the working together of divine grace and human will in the soul's journey toward God.

θέλημα — Thelema

THEH-lay-mah

Will — the faculty of willing and choosing, central to the question of whether Christ possessed one will or two.

Θεοτόκος — Theotokos

theh-oh-TOH-kos

God-bearer — the title given to Mary affirming that the child she bore was not merely human but the incarnate God.

Viriditas

veer-EE-dee-tahs · Latin

Greening power — Hildegard of Bingen's term for the life-giving energy that flows from the divine Word into all creation.